6 viii Transport Phenomena: The Art of Balancing Drag force and drag coefficient Force balance and terminal velocity HEAT TRANSPORT Steady-state heat conduction Heat conduction in Cartesian coordinates Analogy with Ohm s law Heat conduction in cylindrical coordinates Heat conduction in spherical coordinates A numerical treatment for 2-D Cartesian Heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number Newton s Law of Cooling The Nusselt number Overall heat transfer coefficient Unsteady-state heat conduction Penetration theory: conceptual Applying penetration theory Long-term heating The overall heating up of an object Internal and external heat transport Numerical approach The general micro balance for heat transport Heat transfer coefficient with convection General observations Heat transfer in the case of forced convection Heat transfer in the case of free convection The numerical approach of convective heat transport Heat exchangers Introduction Heat transfer without phase transition Heat transfer with phase transition Heat transport through radiation Emission Reflection, transmission, absorption Heat transfer through radiation Radiant heat transfer coefficient MASS TRANSPORT Analogy between mass transport and heat transport Mutual diffusion based on the analogy with heat transport Steady-state diffusion in Cartesian coordinates Steady-state diffusion in cylindrical coordinates Steady-state diffusion in spherical coordinates Mass transfer coefficient and Sherwood number 218
7 Contents ix Unsteady-state diffusion: penetration theory Unsteady-state long-term diffusion Diffusion and drift flux The general micro balance for mass transport Mass transfer coefficients during convection General observations Mass transfer in the case of forced convection Mass transfer in the case of free convection Mass transfer across a phase interface Introduction on dealing with two phases The partition coefficient Mass transfer across a phase interface Penetration theory at a phase interface Simultaneous transport of heat and mass: the wet bulb temperature FLUID MECHANICS Introduction Flow meters Weir Orifice meter Rotameter Pressure drop along a straight pipeline The concept of the friction factor The use of the friction factor The analogy with heat and mass transfer Pressure drop in pipeline systems Pressure drop across a packed bed Laminar flow of Newtonian fluids Laminar flow in Cartesian coordinates due to a moving wall Laminar flow in Cartesian coordinates due to a pressure gradient Laminar flow in Cartesian coordinates due to gravity Laminar flow in cylindrical coordinates due to a pressure gradient Laminar flow of non-newtonian liquids Power Law liquids Bingham liquids Casson liquids Visco-elastic liquids Fluid mechanics and transport phenomena The continuity equation The Navier-Stokes equations Computational Fluid Dynamics 319
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